Cyclospora Outbreak Spreads to 34 States Linked to Taylor Farms Lettuce

Cyclospora Outbreak and Federal Investigation

Nationally, around 7,000 cases have been confirmed or are under investigation across 34 states since May 1, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State-level figures include more than 4,000 cases and 102 hospitalizations in Michigan, and more than 1,200 cases and 88 hospitalizations in Ohio, alongside cases in West Virginia and Kentucky. In response to the investigation, Taco Bell announced it is removing and replacing potentially affected lettuce from restaurants in certain states.

Understanding Cyclospora and Health Risks

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite *Cyclospora*, which infects the small intestine. The parasite is so small it can only be seen under a microscope and is believed to only infect humans, spreading when infected feces contaminates food or water. Officials note that it is unlikely to be transmitted directly from person to person because the parasite needs days to weeks after being passed in feces to become infectious.

Symptoms typically develop about two days to two weeks—or usually about one week—after exposure. Common signs include prolonged watery diarrhea, stomach cramps and pain, nausea, bloating, increased gas, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Some individuals may also experience vomiting, body aches, headache, low-grade fever, or no symptoms at all. If left untreated, the illness can last weeks, lead to severe dehydration, and cause complications lasting from a few days to a month or longer, with symptoms potentially disappearing and returning as a relapse.

For more on this story, see Cyclosporiasis Outbreak Spreads Across US.

While the infection can be treated with prescribed antibiotics, certain groups face higher risks. According to data reported to the CDC, about 1 in every 11 cases has been hospitalized. Experts emphasize that young children, elderly individuals, and immunosuppressed people—such as those taking immunosuppressive medications or living with HIV—are most at risk for severe illness or complications.

Consumer Guidance and Safety Measures

Federal and state health officials advise consumers to monitor illness reports during the summer months and take specific precautions when handling and consuming fresh produce:

• Discard outer layers: Throw away the outer two to three layers of leafy greens and outer layers of fruits and vegetables when possible.
• Rinse thoroughly: Wash all fresh fruits and vegetables under clean running water, using a clean vegetable brush for firm produce. Note that standard chlorine-based sanitizers, soap, and bleach should not be used, as commercial washing and standard sanitizers may not reliably remove the parasite.
• Be cautious with pre-washed or pre-cut items: Avoid precut, packaged, bagged salad mixes and kits, or select whole, uncut produce which typically undergoes less handling.
• Prioritize cooking: Cooking produce to a temperature of at least 158 °F (70 °C) is the safest option because the parasite cannot survive at elevated temperatures.
• Avoid cross-contamination: Clean kitchen countertops, cutting boards, and utensils with hot, soapy water, and wash hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds before and after handling food.

Experts suggest that individuals with weakened immune systems may want to avoid eating fresh produce altogether until a definitive culprit is determined. However, health professionals note that whole fruits and vegetables remain an important part of a healthy diet for the general population. Anyone experiencing diarrhea or other severe symptoms lasting for more than three days should consult a healthcare provider promptly.